Assessment of Dietary Practices Among Pregnant Anemic Females:  Dietary Practices Among Pregnant Anemic Females

Kiran Ashraf; Aiza Talat; Saba  yousaf; Iraj Jamshaid; Farheen  Zaidi

doi:10.54393/df.v1i01.3

Authors

Kiran Ashraf University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore
Aiza Talat University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Saba yousaf University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Iraj Jamshaid University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Farheen Zaidi University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/df.v1i01.3

Abstract

Intoduction: Anemia is interpreted as low blood hemoglobin values. This medical condition can both developed and underdeveloped countries. The ability of blood to transfer oxygen to tissues is affected when the hemoglobin is low, which in turn develops symptoms such as fatigue, compromised physical work capacity, and shortness of breath. Objective:This study was conductedto find out the dietary practices among pregnant females. Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional study. The substantial data was collected from the gynecology department, vaccination department of Tertiary Care Hospitals, Lahore.Nonprobability convenient sampling criteria were utilized in the study. 150 participants were selected for the study. This sample was finalized based on exclusion and inclusion criteria. Out of 150 pregnant females, 75 anemic pregnant females were placed in the experimental group and 75 non-anemic pregnant females were assigned to the control group. The exclusion criteria suggested that non-pregnant and non-cooperative patients will not be included in the study.Results:Maximum women belonged to the age group 26-30 years, and the employment status of the women was a housewife. 45% of women also had craving for pica because of the anemia. 68% of women were falling in the category of moderate anemia. The malpractices in diet were also inducing iron deficiency like 59% of women took tea after the meal. It was also interpreted that non-consumption of beef (41% of women), chicken (22% of women), fish (58% of women), and egg (34% of women) were recorded to be more anemic.Conclusion: The current study investigated the causative factors of anemia. It was inferred that low socio-economic status and less consumption of iron-rich foods make women prone to anemia. Pregnant women are also not cognizant wit iron-absorption inhibiting foods which leads to complications and abnormalities in pregnancy outcomes.

References

Jans Ø, Nielsen CS, Khan N, Gromov K, Troelsen A, Husted H. Iron deficiency and preoperative anaemia in patients scheduled for elective hip‐and knee arthroplasty–an observational study. Voxsanguinis. 2018 Apr;113(3):260-7.https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.12630.

Stevens GA, Finucane MM, De-Regil LM, et al. Global, regional, and national trends in haemoglobin concentration and prevalence of total and severe anaemia in children and pregnant and non-pregnant women for 1995–2011: a systematic analysis of population-representative data. Lancet Glob Health. 2013;1(1):e16-e25. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70001-9

Lanier JB, Park JJ, Callahan RC. Anemia in older adults. American family physician. 2018 Oct 1;98(7):437-42. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008466.

Cases A,Egocheaga MI, Tranche S, Pallarés V, Ojeda R, Górriz JL, Portolés JM. Anemia of chronic kidney disease: Protocol of study, management and referral to Nephrology. Nefrología (English Edition). 2018 Jan 1;38(1):8-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nefroe.2018.01.007.

Phillips J, Henderson AC. Hemolytic anemia: evaluation and differential diagnosis. American family physician. 2018 Sep 15;98(6):354-61. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0915/p354.html.

Kather S, Grützner N, Kook PH, Dengler F, Heilmann RM. Review of cobalamin status and disorders of cobalamin metabolism in dogs. Journal of veterinary internal medicine. 2020 Jan;34(1):13-28.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15638.

Anaemia in low-income and middle-income countries - PubMed. Accessed June 3, 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21813172/

Mohammed SH, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. Concurrent anemia and stunting in young children: prevalence, dietary and non-dietary associated factors. Nutrition journal. 2019 Dec;18(1):1-0. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2021.75

Lone NM, Shah SH, Farooq M, Arif M, Younis S, Riaz S. Role of TMPRSS6 rs855791 (T> C) polymorphism in reproductive age women with iron deficiency anemia from Lahore, Pakistan. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 2021 Jan 1;28(1):748-53.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.004.

Busti F, Campostrini N, Martinelli N, Girelli D. Iron deficiency in the elderly population, revisited in the hepcidin era. Front Pharmacol. 2014;5:83. doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00083

Long-Lasting Neural and Behavioral Effects of Iron Deficiency in Infancy. Accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1540447/

Leung AK, Hon KL. Pica: a common condition that is commonly missed-an update review. Current pediatric reviews. 2019 Aug 1;15(3):164-9.https://doi.org/10.2174/1573396315666190313163530.

Maternal iron status and neonatal outcomes in women with pica during pregnancy - PubMed. Accessed June 3, 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17572424/.

Delil R, Tamiru D, Zinab B. Dietary diversity and its association with anemia among pregnant women attending public health facilities in south Ethiopia. Ethiopian journal of health sciences. 2018;28(5). https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v28i5.14.

Sifakis S, Pharmakides G. Anemia in Pregnancy. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;900:125-136. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06223.x.

Skolmowska D, Głąbska D. Analysis of heme and non-heme iron intake and iron dietary sources in adolescent menstruating females in a national polish sample. Nutrients. 2019 May;11(5):1049.https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051049.

(PDF) Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Azezo Health Center Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia. Accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273562888_Prevalence_of_Anemia_and_Associated_Risk_Factors_among_Pregnant_Women_Attending_Antenatal_Care_in_Azezo_Health_Center_Gondar_Town_Northwest_Ethiopia.

Pakistan National Nutrition Survey 2011.pdf. Accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.mhinnovation.net/sites/default/files/downloads/innovation/research/Pakistan%20National%20Nutrition%20Survey%202011.pdf

Lee G, Choi S, Kim K, Yun JM, Son JS, Jeong SM, Kim SM, Park SM. Association of hemoglobin concentration and its change with cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2018 Jan 29;7(3):e007723.https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.007723.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia among a Sample of Pregnant Females AttendingPrimary Health Care Centers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. doi:10.3923/pjn.2012.1113.1120.

Roy A, Fuentes-Afflick E, Fernald LCH, Young SL. Pica is prevalent and strongly associated with iron deficiency among Hispanic pregnant women living in the United States. Appetite. 2018;120:163-170. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.08.033.